The Peak Oil Theory of Value is worth analyzing in the view of recent comments by ExxonMobil's Australian CEO Mark Nolan that there " is no peak oil theory of value."
Beyond something "that possesses us" and "makes us speak its words and do violence to our nature", is the question: What is theory?
A theory is a doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in speculation or contemplation. A simple way to understand the concept of a theory is that it is the premise or set of premises upon which an argument rests, although the focus of theory is on the “science” of something, more so than the “art” thereof.
If a theory is something that is going to possess us, it better be a good theory.
Reporter Mike Sexton from ABC in a conversation with Mark Nolan ExxonMobil came upon the ExxonMobil view regarding peak oil.
He said that while the peak oil theory suggests that at one point the world will have used more than half its oil supply and future demand will be sharply higher than supply, big oil isn't buying it.
Nolan said that these theories have been around since the 1920's, especially when oil hits high prices. The ExxonMobil view is that the world has abundant energy resources and there is no peak oil theory of value.
Mr. Nolan did not expand on his throwaway comment that there is no peak oil theory of value initially. Later he talked about
the US Geological Survey's report that the Earth has more than 3 trillion barrels of conventional recoverable resources and so far we’ve produced 1 trillion of that. An additional 1 trillion barrels are estimated with conservative estimates of heavy oil and shale oil.
While the USGS estimate is notoriously optimistic with lots of good petroleum geologists and engineers taking the USGS to task on it, the focus of this article shall remain on the Exxon man's comment on there being "no Peak Oil theory of value."
So what is a theory of value?
You know what a theory is; Value is the worth of something or its utility to satisfy the needs of people.
A theory of value must be the premise or set of premises upon which an argument rests, relating to the worth of something, or its utility to satisfy the needs of people.
A key question in economic theory is how the value of goods and services comes about, and how to calculate the correct value of goods and services if such a value exists.
The first category in measuring value is called the "intrinsic theory of value". This theory implies that every item has an inherent worth built into the item itself that does not depend on what people think of it. Intrinsic valuations mostly depend on the process of producing an item and the costs involved in that process as a measure of the item’s intrinsic value. The "labor theory of value" which holds that the value of an item comes from the amount of labor spent producing the item, is one of the most influential of the intrinsic theories.
The second category is the "subjective theory of value". This theory holds that for an object to have economic value, i.e. a price, it must be useful in satisfying human wants and not be in unlimited supply.
Goods that are in unlimited supply, or in a greater supply than that demanded, would have lower value. This theory recognizes that an item may be more useful in satisfying the needs or wants of one person than another, or of no use to one person and of great use to another.
This theory differs from the intrinsic theory in that it holds that beyond the objectively correct value of an object, is the value of individual judgments.
The third category is the "cost-of-production theory of value". The theory is that the price of an object is determined by the sum of the cost of the resources that went into making it. Factors such as labor, capital, land or technology will all come under cost of production.
Now that we have the basics, it's back to the Peak Oil Theory of Value. The central argument of Peak Oil is a scientifically valid concept that relies on historical "discovery" numbers and extraction figures for conventional petroleum.
Extraction figures implies that you cannot extract what you have not discovered and peak oil says that mankind has found most of the world's oil deposits. And it appears that mankind has extracted about half of all the conventional oil that will ever be extracted. This is the basic premise.
Peak oil refers to conventional petroleum as the substance that will be available in lower and lower quantities. Conventional petroleum is the rock oil that is made to flow from pores in rock formations into bore holes in the ground and lifted from there to the surface of the Earth.
The world’s exploration, production, transportation, refining, marketing, delivery and end use is geared by conventional petroleum.
The world's extraction and use is currently at 85 million barrels per day.
As a departure from conventional petroleum are tar sands and oil shale, that require different methodologies not only to extract or produce, but also for transportation, refining and delivery. The infrastructure in the world for plumbing for these is negligible. Besides, non-conventional hydrocarbon sources have a far more negative economy in both energy return on investment and monetary metrics.
The question for the future is whether the world's energy sectors and the economies they drive can make the transition from extracting, refining and delivering conventional petroleum to delivering non-conventional petroleum. And additionally, if the transition can happen... will it happen faster than conventional sources are depleting?
Coming back to the peak oil theory of value begs the question - what is it worth to be able to understand if not predict that the world's capacity to extract conventional petroleum is on a downhill run? What is it worth to be forewarned?
If we're headed for a cold, bleak future, isn't it best to look at the peak oil theory of value as a caution toward the future trends of mankind's energy use and particularly mankind's oil use.
Is the value of peak oil intrinsic or subjective? Is it based on the cost of production? Or is it quite simply that understanding of Peak Oil is a key to mankind understanding how to survive into the future. That seems like a perfectly useful “theory of value.”
Read
Picture Courtesy: www.flickr.com
OPEC producer Venezuela has joined fellow member Nigeria in making a token cut in supply to stem falling oil prices.
At the G-8 summit in Russia, President Bush and Prseident Putin announced that they would cooperate in the rapid expansion of nuclear energy worldwide. The Bush government feels that the future energy security of the US depends on increasing reliance on nuclear energy and the agreement with Russia was the latest in a long line of initiatives to promote nuclear power.
The possible revival of a Saddam-era oilfield deal between Iraq and China has given hope to top oil multinationals over the potential of getting contracts giving them access to Iraq's vast untapped resources.
The US government's independent inspector on Iraqi reconstruction reported that Iraq's largest industry, the oil sector, has lost $US16 billion in oil export revenue over a 2 year period and insurgent attacks on the country's energy infrastructure have prevented it, in part, from maintaining adequate electricity supplies.
A deal between Iran and Sinopec for developing a major Iranian oilfield will be finalized in the next 2 months, Iran's deputy oil minister stated.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov in an effort to alleviate Western concerns over Russian energy deals said that talk of revising PSA's or seeking to exclude foreigners from the sector were unfounded.
With oil falling toward $61 on robust US inventories ahead of the winter heating season, OPEC said that the price slide from summer peaks had gone as far as it should go.
Venezuela's state oil company is helping Grenada build storage tanks needed to store the fuel bought under the Petrocaribe deal. The lack of storage has been a key issue holding up the delivery of oil to the Caribbean.